动态第31页 - 绿手指 - 养花技巧、花生病了怎么办、花园打理和设计

2024年11月19日

To apply for any job you must submit a cover letter and a resume. These two documents tell the recruiter about your background and help them decide whether to recruit you or not. A cover letter introduces yourself to an employer. It also tells the employer why you are the best fit for the particular job. A resume, on the other hand, provides an objective overview of your qualifications. [图片]

Things to Include in a Cover letter

A cover letter is 300 to 500 words in length. In a cover letter, you must introduce yourself to the human resource manager or potential employer and tell them why you are interested in applying for the job. At the same time, you must tell them why you think you are the right candidate for the job. Resumes are often very long. The cover letter gives a sneak peek of your resume. Here you will mention your qualifications in brief. If you have any job or academic gap, or other issues you may state them in the cover letter. You must remember that a cover letter is actually a 'letter' or an 'application'. So, its format must be like that too. You should start with a salutation and then give your details in the body followed by a professional closing. You can start the cover letter with 'Dear Sir', or 'Dear Mr. X' in case the contact person's name is mentioned in the job posting or advertisement. Sometimes, the company tells you to send your resume to the HR department. In such case, you can write, 'Dear HR team' or 'Dear Hiring Manager'. You must include your contact information, date, and the contact details of the potential employer ( if you have the details). In the introduction paragraph, you should mention the position you are applying for and where you got to know about this vacancy. You should state that you are interested in applying for the job. You must also introduce yourself in short here. In the body paragraphs of the cover letter, you should highlight a few important qualifications of yourself that match the job descriptions. You must also talk about any academic, professional, or other noteworthy achievements in life. If you have done any voluntary work, you should mention that as well. Having membership in professional organizations also strengthens your resume. So, mention that as well, if you have any. You can write how your contribution can help the company to move forward. Like a typical letter or application, you must finish the cover letter with a closing statement like 'Sincerely', or 'Best regards' followed by your name or signature. Before writing the cover letter, you should do some research about the hiring company. You can mention a few positive things about the company in your cover letter to show the recruiter how interested you are in working for them. This information will also set your cover letter apart from others. Lots of cover letter templates are now available online. You can use them to make your cover letter structurally correct. You should proofread your cover letter before sending it. Look out for clarity, tone, relevance, grammar, spelling, and overall formatting of your cover letter. [图片]

Things to include in a resume

You should design your resume according to the type of job you are applying for. If the job is in the academic field, then you should highlight your academic experience and achievements. If it's in the corporate field then your focus should be on your related experience. Once you know which information to highlight in your resume, decide on the resume format. You can choose the chronological resume format which showcases your experience in chronological order starting from the latest one. The functional resume format focuses on your training and skills. If you have limited experience or employment gaps, then you should choose this format. In the combination resume format, you can highlight both your training and experience. If you have many years of work experience then you can choose this format. A resume has several sections. Contact details a vital information that you must include in your resume. After all, your prospective employer will contact you if they like your resume. You must include your full name, phone number, email address, home address, and a link to any professional website. Next, write 'objective' or 'profile'. It's an introduction that tells about your career objective and a summary qualifications. After this start writing about your academic qualifications, work experience, and achievements using a suitable resume format. You will find free or paid online resume templates. You can use those as well. You should include a 'skills' section to showcase your various skills. You shouldn't leave out any significant achievement in your life in your resume. You must remember that your resume must stand out from others to secure that job position. So, include your training, credentials, certifications, and volunteer work to make your resume stronger.

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Testing

2024年11月19日

[图片]You must have written an essay in school or college. It's a common assignment that teachers give to test your knowledge about a topic and your research and writing skills. Essays are not only helpful in your academic life, but in your professional life as well. You may have to write a business proposal or a report on something. If you know how to write a basic essay, you can easily complete these writing jobs at work.

Types of essays

Before knowing the steps of writing an essay, you should understand the different types of essays that exist. The different types of essays include argumentative, narrative, descriptive, and expository essays. The goal of each essay is to inform or persuade the readers. Argumentative and expository essays are similar in a way that both these essays make clear points to convey specific information. Narrative and descriptive essays, on the other hand, are more focused on creativity. In an argumentative essay, you will do research to come up with your own opinion regarding a subject. You must present evidence to support your judgment. In the case of an expository essay, you should gain in-depth knowledge about a subject to tell readers about it. In narrative essays, you write about your experience so you must use a compelling tone to encourage readers to read your writing. Descriptive essays are mostly about explaining sensory details.

Steps in writing an essay

Any essay follows three basic steps: planning, writing, and editing. Each of these stages has several sub-sections that you must include in your essay.

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Testing

2024年11月19日

[图片]Being strong in vocabulary doesn't mean that your English writing will be good. You must grasp a good writing style to make your writing more readable and understandable. A good writing style can also attract more readers. You can have a good writing style by incorporating simple words and small sentences. The writing style is the tone that a writer uses to express an idea. Everyone has a unique writing style, which is reflected in their choice of words, sentence structure, and overall structure. You must learn several different writing styles to accommodate different audiences. You cannot write a business proposal the same way you write a personal blog. If you don't adopt different writing styles then you will be limiting your ability to only specific types of writing. Therefore, the best suggestion is to learn the most common writing styles so that you can write any type of writing in the best way possible.

Types of Writing Styles

The most common types of writing styles include expository, descriptive, narrative, and persuasive writing. If you want to share facts and information regarding a topic then you use the expository writing style. News articles, nonfiction books, and technical writing use this style. Descriptive writing provides a lot of sensory details so that the readers can picture what the author is saying. Poets and sometimes novelists use this style of writing. When you want to write something creative or from your own experience, you write in narrative style. In resumes and letters of recommendation, you must use persuasive writing styles. When you write sales copies, this style is appropriate.

Tips for improving writing style

There are many ways to improve your current writing style. Along with knowing the techniques, you must practice them to get a hold of them. Here are some tips you can follow.

Be straightforward

You must write in a clear and concise form so that the readers can understand your thoughts easily. Refrain from using unnecessary filler words like adverbial phrases. Don't use these to make your writing long. Remember that a long piece of content is not necessarily the best one.

Choose words carefully

A word often has different meanings in different contexts. Choose words that express exactly what you want to communicate. It is better to choose a simple word rather than a complex one as your reader may not understand its meaning. You can look up online for synonyms that may go with your sentence.

Use short sentences and paragraphs

Try to use short sentences which are easy to read. A reader won't be able to retain too much information in a single line. So, split a long sentence, instead for clarity. As a rule of thumb, use one sentence to convey one thought only. The same thing is true in the case of paragraphs. Short paragraphs are easy to conceive. They also look visually appealing as they create white spaces.

Use active voice

You must always try to use an active voice. It is the direct way to express your point. It is better to write that the subject is doing something rather than something is being done to the subject. Active voice also creates a simpler and shorter sentence than a passive voice.

Use conversational tone

You must write in your unique voice. So, it's good to have a conversational tone that is actually your comfort zone. Try to avoid using cliches and instead use your own voice. Your writing must be a reflection of your personality. [图片]

Avoid redundancies

Many writers find it difficult to avoid redundancies. We often use redundancies without realizing when we speak and so we put those in our writing too. For example, 'beginners lack experience', 'near future', 'don't repeat again', and more. Redundancies make your writing poor.

Use parallelism

Parallelism develops clarity. It allows the reader to read a sentence smoothly and understand it well. It also helps to link relevant ideas and show clearly the relationships among them.

Avoid using masculine generics

Masculine generic means using 'he' or 'him' in situations that involve both genders. Instead, write 'he' or 'she', 'him' or 'her'. This reflects that you are not biased towards males and also you consider both genders to play equal roles in society. You must review and edit your writing. You will surely find some mistakes. At the same time, you may think of better words or structures to modify your writing. You must read books of great authors to see their writing style and learn from them.

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Testing

2024年11月19日

Even if you are a pro-English writer, it is very unlikely that your writing will be 100% flawless. You are bound to find mistakes in spelling, grammar, punctuation, style, or structure. Here we are going to look at the most common mistakes that you may encounter in your writing and learn how to fix them. [图片]

Run-on sentences

It is a very common grammatical mistake. It occurs when two thoughts are not joined properly. Fused sentences and comma slices fall in this category. These sentences make it difficult for the readers to see from where the sentence had started and in which direction it was progressing. For example, 'John loves ice cream it's his favorite.' This is a run-on sentence that confuses the reader. You can place a 'semi-color' after ice cream, to make more sense out of the sentence. Comma slices are another way you get a run-on sentence. Here the writer uses a comma inappropriately between the independent clauses. Coordinating conjunctions, like 'and', must be used here to show the connection between the two sentence fragments.

Passive voice

It is better to avoid the use of passive voice as it makes sentences complicated. When you use passive voice, the receiver of the action becomes the main focus of the sentence instead of the subject or the person performing it. So, use active voice, instead. For example, 'The car was bought by him.' – Passive voice 'He bought the car'. – Active voice When you focus on the subject, the sentence turns out to be easily understandable.

Subject-verb disagreement

Understanding subject-verb agreement in a sentence is very easy; however, writers often make mistakes when using it. Logically, a singular subject will be followed by a singular verb. A plural subject, on the other hand, will be followed by a plural verb. As 's' is often included in the singular verb, the writer may get confused about it. Just remember that when you have a third-person singular subject in the present tense, you will add an 's' at the verb's end. For example, 'John eats an apple'; not 'John eats an apple'. However, don't add 's' to the verb when the subject is 'I', 'we', or 'they'. For example, instead of using 'I eat popcorn', it will be 'I eat popcorn'. [图片]

Incorrect choice of word

Some words can be very confusing; especially those that sound alike but have a different meaning and spelling. For example, 'whether' or 'weather'. You must know the meaning of these words to use them properly in sentences. If you don't know the correct meaning of the word, then you will be conveying the wrong message to the readers.

Dangling modifiers

These are phrases or words that describe a different part of a sentence. For example, After playing, Alice went to bed'. Here, 'after playing' modifies 'Alice'. However, if the subject is not in the correct position in the sentence, then the modifier can end up describing the wrong thing. This may alter the meaning of the sentence. For example, when standing in the yard, a report about the weather worried Stephen. Here, 'when standing in the yard' is supposed to modify 'Stephen'.

The right use of apostrophes

The most common use of apostrophes is to show ownership and to contract a word. In case of contraction, it can be confusing to put the apostrophe in the right place. For example, instead of 'you're' it should be 'you're' to replace 'you are'. Sometimes the writer may miss the apostrophe. You should learn the right use of apostrophes to avoid making these mistakes. The best approach to avoid making these mistakes is to learn about the correct usage of subject-verb agreement, apostrophes, and words. You can read books and magazines to notice how the authors have used these the right way.

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Testing

2024年11月19日

[图片]It is a misconception that a good writing piece must contain complex words. With simple sentences and paragraphs, you can also write an outstanding article, blog, essay, or any content in English. Your ultimate goal will be to make people understand what you are trying to say. If you can achieve that with simple sentences and paragraphs, that's fantastic! Here are some tips for writing in plain English.

Techniques for writing simple sentences

At a bare minimum, a simple sentence consists of a subject and a verb. When composing a simple sentence, you may include indirect objects and modifiers. It doesn't contain any dependent clause. When writing each paragraph, you must apply the following techniques:

Use transition words

Try to use 'transition words' to tie up several paragraphs so that they form a coherent thought. Transition phrases include 'moreover', 'in addition to', 'in fact', and others. These words help the readers to understand how the paragraphs are related to one another.

Use keywords

Use keywords in paragraphs so that the reader is continuously reminded of the main topic. These words also show the readers the connection between the ideas you are trying to express in different paragraphs.

Use verbs, numbers, and tenses consistently

Be consistent with the use of verbs, tense, and numbers. If you are writing from a 'you' perspective, then continue doing so instead of switching to 'one'. Don't move haphazardly from past to present or use numbers illogically. You must remember that inconsistencies create confusion in the readers' minds.

Use active voice

Writing in an active voice will help you to keep your sentences simple and short. Active voice can express ideas clearly and straightforwardly. You will need to use fewer words to explain what you are trying to say. Active voice focuses on the action; that is what someone or something is doing. It tells you things to the point rather than going in a roundabout direction.

Use simple words and phrases

Try to use common or familiar words over complicated ones. One reason for this is that your readers may not understand the jargon. Unless you publish your writing on an industry-specific website or journal, you should write using simple phrases that readers of all backgrounds can understand.

Use short paragraphs

You must write in short paragraphs. It's easy to read and understand. You can cover a topic in one paragraph. If you need to discuss a topic in detail, you can break it up into several small paragraphs instead of a big one. The writing experts suggest that your paragraphs shouldn't be more than 150 words long. Also, each paragraph must contain between 3 to 8. You should try to vary the length of your paragraphs to make your writing more interesting. Short paragraphs create white space, that is soothing to the eyes. It also motivates the readers to read the entire content. You can improve the visibility of the writing by adding headings to each paragraph. It also tells the reader what they are about to read in the paragraph. [图片]

Techniques to write a simple paragraph

You must start the paragraph with a topic sentence that tells in short what the paragraph is about. That way the reader can anticipate what's coming and also may choose to skip the paragraph if he or she thinks the topic discussed in the paragraph is unimportant. After the topic sentence, you include supporting sentences to develop the idea you are trying to express. You should write the supporting sentences in a logical order. After that, you must end the paragraph with a closing sentence that pretty much summarizes the paragraph. Next time you sit to write anything, try using simple sentences and paragraphs. You will be surprised how you can say what you want to say. You will also have more readers interested in reading your English content.

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Testing

2024年11月19日

[图片]

Reading in English: An Overview

When one reads in English on a daily basis, it is more than enjoying a story or getting information; it is also a practice that is fundamental behind mastering the English language. This practice develops vocabulary lexis, comprehension, knowledge of sentence structures, grammar, and idioms. For English learners, reading helps them acquire the language and builds confidence in using it. While reading daily in English, the learner is also exposed to a host of advantages that foster enjoyable and easy language skill acquisition.

Increase the Lexis and Language Structures

Expansion of the vocabulary is one of the first effects I have observed in myself after taking up the regime of daily reading in English. Each piece of reading material serves as an introduction to other words, phrases and expressions which eventually become part of the learner's vocabulary. Learning words in context helps to learn not only their sense but also their grammatical forms and their normal collocates. The power of reading as opposed to learning by heart is that the learners see words in use for the first time with their tonal and formal variations, hence the mastery of language use becomes flexible and wide. Reading on a daily basis allows learners to be subjected to recurring language patterns and grammar rules also daily. As a result of consistently encountering such sentence structures and how language is used in different places, readers acquire a certain instinctive knowledge of grammar. This familiarity allows them to be more fluent in constructing sentences when both speaking and writing since they have seen enough examples of such construction to be able to incorporate them into theirs. Many passive readers are often active writers after they see the passive voice used almost everywhere in the news.

Improving Reading Comprehension and Fluency

Reading daily English texts helps learners comprehend important ideas deeply and quickly, even when the text is a complex one. Learning from a newspaper, a short story or even an essay is a good idea, one gets to learn daily reading a variety of texts, which in the long run helps the learner in decoding meaning, identifying themes, and following arguments. Strengthening daily habits assists in improving fluency since reading on a regular basis exercises the brain which makes it possible for the brain to become quick in interpreting English words and phrases leading to reading with ease at longer periods. Reading authors that focus on different themes, character development, metaphors or descriptive phrases, as well as the rhythmic structure specific to each literary genre broadens a person's comprehension ability. By learning how to read novels in a more descriptive and metaphorical sense, it is possible to comprehend how one reads genre novels or even articles which are more factually presented. With the exposure to such different forms, a reader gradually acquires a universal ability which allows him or her to learn how to read quickly and assess the information efficiently.

Developing Writing Skills

Regular reading does not only enhance understanding but also further improves the ability to write. Daily exposure to English reading encourages learners to finally learn various English styles, tones, and formats. Given time, exposure to communication through reading makes it easier to come up with English sentences and paragraphs. Awareness of such processes lead learners to be more diligent as they realise how a writer starts off an idea, advances it, uses transitions and any other linguistic means to capture attention. This perspective helps a lot when learners start writing as they always remember the techniques they've already witnessed. As mentioned, reading builds students' working knowledge of punctuation and grammar. They observe how commas, full stops and other devices of writing are employed in real life written texts and apply them in their writing. For instance, they might note that punctuation can be used to make a sentence shorter, or break it up into phrases that are easier to understand. This understanding enables them to write with greater clarity and precision, and such abilities are indispensable in communication. [图片]

Enhancement of Critical Thinking Skill

Reading English on a daily basis exercises the mind and enhances critical thinking furthemore engaging readers to comprehend the material rather than simply reading it. By reading, learners are exposed to diverse opinions, sophisticated ideas, and arguments that make them reevaluate the information. Such skill is especially crucial when reading opinion articles and essays where one has to consider the evidence to support an author's claims and the reason provided. It can be noted that while reading students also begin to have their own ideas and feelings about the material. Such interaction aids not only the understanding of the text but also the information presented by it. As students learn to read in a critical way, they learn to look at all kinds of information in an intelligent and analytical manner, which is useful both at school and in everyday life.

Contextual and sociocultural factors are important to analyse

English reading covers many cultures, social etiquette, and historical backgrounds, which contributes to a more thorough view of the world. What is especially interesting as a graduate is the information provided with the help of literature about the culture of English speakers. For example, English classics could help to understand how social values changed in the course of history whereas modern English novels would address contemporary problems and views. This kind of exposure to culture helps develop empathy and insight, thus enabling learners to relate better with people from different cultures. Gaining a deeper understanding of cultures when practising English elevates language fluency. Countless English language phrases, idioms and jokes stem from culture and consistent reading provides that culture to the students. For instance, metaphors such as in "you can't take me out of the equation" or in "I give up" can be embedded in the plots of the books and that can make the students smarter. Such comprehension of the culture gives the learners greater confidence and proficiency in dealing with the natives because the chances of misusing the idiomatic expressions are minimised.

How to Develop Self-Confidence Regarding Using the Language

Daily reading in English helps to boost confidence over a period of time, which is one of the greatest benefits of doing so. It has been seen that learners, especially learners when moving from basic texts to more complex materials, feel a sense of achievement and have the desire to keep learning. Apart from enabling anxiety and fear of using English in other situations, it enhances comprehension and enjoyment of the language. Reading also enhances the reader's ability to convey ideas correctly and coherently in speech and in writing. For example, reading dialogues in fiction works and plays enables learners to acquire conversational and informal language while reading the form develops reading skills. Such an exposal makes one feel comfortable and confident in different places because learners can easily change the language they use to fit a particular audience and occasion.

Boosting Exposure to New Concepts and Opinion

Practising English on a day to day basis will surely provide you with different concepts, ideas, and even knowledge. Each book, article and essay comprises various topics such as science, technology, philosophy among many others. This interaction with these topics not only adds to knowledge but arouses interest, eagerness and love towards learning. This, especially, is very helpful for learners of English as it extends their vocabulary and ideas much more than daily dialogue, sharpening language skills and widening thinking. It also serves as a tool for learning comprehension as it encourages looking at things from different angles and different people's point of view. For example, reading a memoir from a person with a different background can foster empathy and understanding. This change in perception is important in our modern world where an individual has to communicate and work with people from diverse backgrounds in a single globalised economy.

Forming a Daily Routine Towards Self Education

Establishing a primary routine of in fact reading each day to say the least encourages the practice of a great promise to say the least. Language is in fact a habit that is practised on a daily basis, therefore, by setting out some time in a day for reading strengthens that practice for a very long time, and the primary audience for this is at the very least children in this case. This attempt helps them maintain their English even after they stop actively studying the language, whether it's from reading newspapers, novels, or pieces published on the internet. In addition, reading develops willpower and the ability to manage one's time since devoting even a couple of minutes every day is very rewarding and can be easily applied.

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Testing

2024年11月19日

[图片]

Understanding More Through Annotation

Annotation is an indispensable technique that enables readers to actively participate with a text by making it more interactive. For an English language learner, if you need to read material that is challenging, annotating texts may assist you in expanding vocabulary as well as understanding and remembering more. This process includes adding highlights, underlining, or jotting down points on the text itself or on a different notebook. With annotation, you grab relevant information, think about the reading material, and relate to what you've read. Let us delve into some core strategies that enhance the effectiveness of annotation.

Why should one make annotations?

While reading a difficult text, there are instances when reading new phrases or structural forms or ideas creates a barrier. For passive reading, this can be the scenario – using tense phrases. With annotations, these barriers can be broken as reading becomes "engaging". Furthermore, marking important bits and information and making a few notes guarantees that you engage with the material thus enhancing both understanding and memory. Reviewing issues is easier too as annotation allows for determination of relevant facts, ideas and phrases without the need to reread everything.

Core Components of Annotation

There are several characteristics that define effective annotation that aids in the understanding of the text and also provides an organized collection of notes that can be referred to later. All readers differ in their ways of working but understanding and applying the following core elements is critical.

Highlighting Key Information

The information mentioned above such as ideas, arguments and statements becomes part of an 'annotation' as it is the cornerstone defining its essence. While highlighting remember to be cautious, too much highlighting makes it difficult to pinpoint significant topics during review. Angles that aid in the capture of the main most a text tries to communicate.

Writing Summaries or Paraphrases

This is particularly useful when information is in dense fashion as summarizing in your own words consolidates the information better. It also means that by using one's own means, information becomes simpler to recall. These summaries can be seen as short notes that are aimed at describing the major point.

Identifying Vocabulary

New vocabulary is something that most English learners face especially if they are beginners. While you encounter new words begin to underline or circle them whenever you come across them and mark their meanings on the margin or in a different notebook when you are annotating. This helps keep a list of recently learned words that you can go back to and it makes learning new words easier.

Tackling Annotations

So, when do we annotate? The answer is very simple; at any time when a reader is performing an active reading task, they should be asking themselves questions. Did you understand a particular idea in the text? Do you want to know more information about the same? Or even more importantly, what do you think the author intended to convey? Questioning is always encouraged for it aids higher order thinking and allows one to be prepared for advancing the discussion or the research on the topic.

Making Personal Connections

Every time a particular text impacts you, you should keep that in mind and note down how that text was significant or relatable to you as an individual. It can be an instance of remembering an event, another book, or something you have studied somewhere. This is often referred to as the process of text-self connections. These connections help in better understanding of the context and relevance of the material being studied.

Tips and Tricks for Effective Annotation

The process of annotating can be as basic or complicated as you like depending on your objectives or the type of text. This is the reason why I think developing a personalized annotation style tends to be subjective. Below are a few strategies that can help you in developing a personalized annotation style.

Concentrate on the Primary Concerns

When you read, especially in dense material, it is relatively simple to become oblivious to the brain and sink in both the minutiae and specifics of the text. In other words, you have to ask yourself what was the text's primary concern. Instead of dwelling on too many details, try to provide the overall idea of the material at the end of each subsection or paragraph. This helps you to achieve the central idea of the text more effectively.

Do Not Overdo the Highlighting

Refrain from the excessive use of highlighting or underlining in the piece of writing. For instance, limit yourself to only a few highlighted matters in several sections of a paragraph, so as not to end up with an overwhelming number of highlighted areas. Restrict both sentences to only the text that means so much to you or tries to capture this significance within the section.

Make Use of Shortcuts and Pictograms

To reduce the amount of time spent on the taking of notes and to ensure that such notes remain simple, come up with a set of symbols such as abbreviations to meet your needs. As an instance, a star can represent a significant concept while a question mark would represent a concept or idea that is not clear. Symbols also help in note writing since one could employ them in substituting several kinds of information he or she would have written in long notes.

Reflect During Short Breaks

In addition to being slightly laborious, annotation requires mental power, so rest touches are a good practice in these cases. Start by reading a short passage, say about three pages, then stop and look over your comments, considering how they relate to the theme. This encumbrance brings improved interpretation of the text because the entire annotation process is purposeful.

Use the Same References for Notes Over Time

Habit is another dominant feature for learning how to make an effective annotation. When reading, make use of the same signs, shorthand notes, and color coding. This should come in handy when you decide to look at your notes in the future because you will have gotten used to your system. [图片]

Revisiting the Annotations You Made

For one reason or another, annotations will become useful during revision and consolidation after the text was consumed alongside reading. Alternatively, use your overheads to prepare the text in a recommended short form or go through the words you interspersed with some order in your head. One of the reasons for reviewing the annotations is to check if there are still some questions that were not answered or aspects that require even more investigation. Along with this, it is a good practice to look back at your notes concerning the text and see if you understood and remembered adequately what you have read.

How are Annotations Useful in preparing for exams

Definitely! When you make keynotes while reading, it helps you to locate important points, vocabulary, and themes quickly while studying. This means that your study sessions can be much shorter than they would have been otherwise, which is efficient. The notes you take are again very important as they help you target the most necessary information with patterns and other information that gives you a good understanding of the structure and content of the material. Also, while preparing for the exams or going through any reading for that matter, use the key notes or annotations to form man outlines or study guides. For example, everything that is important which has been highlined can be formed into a summary. Moreover, you can even assemble all the questions, themes, or quotes that revolve around the same idea and create a structure that follows the content of the text.

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Testing

2024年11月19日

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Overview of English Poetry

English Poetry is an art that fuses emotion, rhythm, and language in a manner that is loveable and at times, frustrating and overwhelming to the audience. Poetry reads differently than prose because instead of straightforward statements, it uses figurative, often figurative language, different types of collocations and specially reserved structures. Understanding English poems sometimes takes a new perspective on appreciating language. For the English learners, poetry is one of the most enjoyable and invigorating activities as it can depict language, rhythm, and motifs that can be easily understood and found in many cultures.

Reading Poems without the Bias of Expectations

One of the important steps of interpreting a poem in a different language or a first is to assume a neutral standpoint, looking into it with no prior expectations. As stated above, not all works of art follow a storyline check in the other models be it a reminiscence or approaches. Rather it evokes emotions of the reader with vivid imagery and metaphors filled with hidden meanings. To be able to understand poetry, it is sometimes ideal to have no expectations and to be ready for anything. Having a clear mindset that it will be ambiguous sometimes deepens your understanding of the poet's ideas and how their words have different meanings depending on the readers emotions or past. When reading a poem for the first time, the reader should be immersed in the sound and the words of the poem without striving to understand every line. Try reading through it and then pause and ask yourself how this poem makes you feel or if any images that have been described interest you. These impressions are useful and very often are what one works with to further comprehend the poem's ideas and the poet's purpose.

Understanding Poetic Language

Another thing that could be difficult for English learners is comprehending the use of figurative language which is one of the features of poetry. Figurative language is a part of everyday life though not everyone uses it well and poetry is packed with it, with poets using metaphors, similes, personification and symbolism. Such figurative expressions involve ideas that are different from the literal meaning of the words, therefore imagination is required. A poem can be very enjoyable when a figurative language is identified and interpreted. Take as an example a metaphor whereby a senator's voice is said to be "a soft river." This metaphor does not mean that the voice of this person is a river, but instead implies that their voice is soft-headed, smooth, or soothing. Because of this the metaphor adds extra meaning to the poem. The same applies to poetry, symbols in poetry mean something which is larger than the created word. A context, however, can determine whether a rose signifies love, beauty or something else. Practicing these elements can be exhausting but in the end, adds value to the reading process.

Interpretive Analysis of Poem Structure

The way a poem appears on the page is also important in determining the meaning of that poem since it is in effect the central theme - the appropriate arrangement. Writers of poems have got different patterns and styles that they use to achieve the rhythm and cadence of their words. For example, the structure of a sonnet must have 14 lines with a prescribed rhyme pattern but some poems are written in free verse, which means they ignore the rules of form completely. For example, the shape or arrangement of a poem can be beneficial in understanding the reasons why a poet decided to use that arrangement in terms of the meaning that they aim to convey. Rhyme and metre are common structural elements in English poetry. Rhythmic quality is given due to the arrangement of stresses and unstressed parts in the syllable that makes a poem distinctive. Iambic pentameter for instance is a rhythm that is very common in English poetry particularly in the works of Shakespeare. Each line has five "feet" popularly called iambs, each of these feet contains one weak syllable and one strong syllable. This rhythmic pattern allows poetry to be characterized in a formal fashion and constant flows. While on the other hand, a poem with irregular metre or without rhyme may seem more conversational and less structured, which adds a different emotional appeal. Line breaks, punctuation, and stanza divisions are other structural choices that alter the reading experience. Emphasis or suspense can be created by pauses or shifts made at line breaks or punctuation marks: It is common for the beginning of a new stanza to signify a change in thought or idea. By focusing on these details, one is able to appreciate the patterns and rhythm that the poem is able to create and consequently appreciate the significance of its structure.

Concentrating on Pictures and Pictures Appeal

Imagery first and foremost employs concrete language that appeals to any or all of the five senses in order to evoke a picture within the reader. Inherent in imagery are the sights, sounds, tastes, and even scents as well as feelings that animate the poem and legitimate it for the reader. Making these sensory details salient can help provide deeper meaning for English learners when reading a poem with many abstract ideas. When reading a poem, try to recognize phrases that have visual images, sounds, texture and feelings attached to them and try to visualize the details as you read. For instance, we can imagine how a poet describes the crimson sky at dusk revolving around the quiet aura of dusk marking the end of the day, while the sky is ablaze with shades of crimson. Such images tend to invite the audience into the poet's world, and feel that particular mood with the poet's other ideas in the poem. Imagery can also be used to convey symbolism, particularly in ornamental poetry that is related to themes such as love, nature, or death. To provide an example, the way a poet depicts a sunset might suggest the end of a phase or the fact that change is unavoidable. All these ways of imagery convey depth and nuance in the work and makes it more enjoyable to read and to be applied in real life. [图片]

Interpreting Tone and Mood

The tone of a poem can be understood as the attitude displayed by the poet towards the subject matter while the mood is the feeling or atmosphere that is evoked in the audience. A poem can be said to have a range of moods, such as a joyful or a melancholic tone, a serious tone or a playful tone, and this is made possible through the use of appropriate words, punctuation and rhythm of the poem. On the other hand, the mood is more individual and subjective in that it is dependent on the particular reader's perception. To consider tone, look for the use of descriptive words and phrases. Words like "laughter" "sunlight" and "hope" are likely to constitute a positive poem; on the contrary, phrases like "shadows," "stillness," or "cold" are likely to result in a more depressing poem. This is the importance of understanding the tone; it reveals the poet's point of view. This is the importance of recognizing the mood: it allows you to feel the poem.

Reading Aloud for Rhythm and Sound

Reading poetry out loud is one of the best ways to engage one's rhythm and sound of the poem in question. Alliteration, assonance, and consonance are some of the techniques that poets easily employ in their art in order to achieve sound effects. These sounds affect the mood and tone of the poem and therefore enhance its recall and effectiveness. Alliteration, for example, occurs when consonant sounds are repeated at the beginning of words within the same line, it can be observed in the line "softly singing in the silent night." Such repetition also serves the purpose of highlighting certain key words as it gives a nice rhythm to the poetry. In the same manner, assonance, the recurrent use of vowel sounds is highly effective thanks while consonance, the recurrence of consonant sounds is effective. The dramatic performance of the poem makes these elements real, thus one is able to appreciate how the poet arranges the particular sounds to make a satisfying soundscape. Pay attention to how the rhythm as well as the sound of each line affects the whole ambience of the poem. Poems that can be characterized by a fluid smooth sound may induce calm emotions while harsh sound which may be described as rough may act the opposite and introduce instances of tension or excitement. Hearing the sound nature of a poem, also assists in the act of remembering as the rhythm is usually very helpful in remembering.

Encouraging Different views and understandings

The lack of a single meaning for a poem is probably among the more interesting features of poetry as it usually allows for interpretive leeway. Given how the language of a poem is concise and packed with symbols, there is seldom an absolute interpretation of the work. More so, every reader takes with him/her the interpretation echoing their views, feelings and events in their life making poetry an extreme art form.

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Mastering Critical Reading

Critical reading goes beyond the ability to read and comprehend, it also engages the reader in thinking, questioning and interpreting a meaning that is not obvious. When learners of English acquire such critical reading skills, they are able to comprehend the message of the writer, the situation behind the story and the difference between the opinion and the fact of the matter. Critical reading helps to improve comprehension, provides means of analysis and broadens out the mind to allow other views. For learners of English, developing such skills also facilitates breaking through barriers in reading other forms of work like articles, essays, and literary texts which are often intricate.

Reading with a Critical Perspective

To practise critical reading, one must adopt a different focus before every particular text, and that focus is one of inquiry. Instead of taking everything at face value or for what it appears, the reader must consider the reasons behind the words and evidence produced. Start by asking yourself such questions as, what did the author intend to achieve with this piece of writing? Who is the piece meant for? What is the text as a whole seeking to achieve? Understanding these questions assists in the realisation of the author's purpose and prepares the mind to read with a sense of purpose. Reading with curiosity promotes the ability to engage more fully. For example, when an author makes a claim, probe for information – Who makes the argument? Would it be someone relying only on a couple of facts or perhaps using emotional appeals?' This type of engagement with a text is essentially practising critical thinking and perspective taking, which is what critical reading is all about.

Identifying Main Ideas and Supporting Details

A rigorous reading process begins with focusing on the main ideas and the supporting details. The main idea is what the author wishes to express whilst supporting details include evidence or examples given to help that main idea. The reason these components are important is that they assist you in understanding how the arguments are formed and whether they are or are not well formed. While reading, attempt to mentally reconstruct the main point of every paragraph in your own words. Such an exercise compels you to process the information and decide what to do for every single part's value. Also check if the author substantiates each of the claims with adequate evidence, and approximately whether these details concentrate on the central focus of the discussion. In case you are in doubt, it could indicate a failure in the author's logic, which might be interesting to think about.

Recognizing Tone and Bias

The tone of a work of writing is the author's general attitude towards the subject, which also indicates his viewpoint or his bias. For instance, an author who is concerned with environmental conservatism does have a tone which is quite passionate which shows his emotions toward the issue. A neutral or formal tone however might signify an objective positioning when simply presenting the facts. The importance of tone also assists you in discerning an author's emotion and possible bias. Bias arises when a writer shows support for an idea, which can lead to ignoring or downplaying other ideas. It is important to point out bias because it shapes the manner information is given. For example, a writer opposed to technology would only consider its negative effects narrating the costs and ignoring the benefits. Knowing the bias, one can read more effectively as one understands and accepts the author's viewpoint while being able to consider alternatives. [图片]

Evaluating Evidence and Argumentation

In reading critically, a major issue for concern is the evidence presented. Evidence can consist of different forms of evidential support, which authors employ to substantiate his arguments such as statistics, expert opinion, other peoples experience or providing an example especially a famous one. In order to analyse a certain position, it is worth determining if the estimate includes the supporting evidence, and if so, how substantial. Consider whether the evidence provided backs up the key points of the argument being made or if it is almost irrelevant. Evidence tends to come from credible sources like research or the citing of experts, but on the contrary, providing a personal view at best unsupported makes the argument weak in terms of validity. Think about how much proof is necessary as well; to make a complex claim, perhaps one or two instances may not be adequate. In this case, by looking qualitatively at the evidence provided, one can ascertain the reliability of the argument and hence determine whether or not they concur with the author's assertions.

Interpreting Inferences and Implications

A broad range of ideas is often delivered by writers to readers implicitly, through inferences which the readers then have to decode the meaning 'supposedly' 'understood'. An inference would be a reasonable conclusion based on the facts available whereas an implication would indicate the more wide – ranging effect that these together might have. Understanding these entails reading between the lines and conjecturing what is not overtly said in the text, but what the author might be suggesting. When attempting to make an inference, look for clues in the descriptive language, images, or the tone of the piece. These would help you gather some of the author's reasons for silence on certain issues. In the same vein, examine the consequences of maintaining the position. For example, when an author makes an appeal to a goal against environmental degradation, one of the implications is that the existing system is not efficient. Understanding such differences enables you to come up with a more complete interpretation of the data.

Evaluating Arguments from Different Angles

Most of the time critical reading makes one look at the arguments from several angles with the aim of understanding the issue better. Many areas including social and political issues are normally multi-faceted and it is always necessary to look at the other side to prevent the arguments from being unidirectional. In your reading, imagine what else the author may be trying to say or what else they may be trying to argue, a view that the author fails to mention. Whenever you find such opposing texts, it helps to notice how each author articulates their argument, the conclusions that they reach, or even their tone. Making an effort to understand arguments from different angles makes one less biassed when it comes to making a decision on an issue. Further, the same or different perspectives can confuse you even more since several views on one issue may be raised leading to conflicts in the reader's mind.

Ways of Reading Language and Rhetoric

Messages within language and rhetorical devices in a text interact with each other and how they are understood. Certain words, structures, and techniques are purposefully selected by authors in order to persuade, inform, or entertain. It is one of the aspects of critical reading to be aware of those choices, as it helps readers see how the text is made in order to rankle them. What metaphors and analogies can be drawn and what remnants are repeated? These components are quite frequently subordinated and serve a great deal of the argument and explanation of the complex ideas particularly. For instance, the authoruses a metaphor as a way of explaining something which is rather broad so as to help the audience grasp the idea. Language also helps in establishing the tone; if language is mostly emotionally appealing, then it is feeling oriented, whereas language is formal and serious. It is this appreciation of details that enables you to judge the effectiveness of the author's communication and whether the language used helps the argument or weakens it.

Recall and Constructive Criticism of the Text

Upon completion of a reading, summarising the key arguments and thoughts, should follow which will serve to refer to areas on which the text has an effect. Summarisation requires you to try to be economical with the information of the text in a manner which makes you extract only the pertinent ones, reflecting on the voices makes it possible for one to appraise their own emotions, agreement or disagreement with such an author, and use the information in other spheres. Consider how the text supports or contradicts your own beliefs or past experiences. Does the author make a good case in favour of the argument, and where does the argument lack? Asking questions on such matters deepens your thinking and makes you a better reader.

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What is Classic English Literature?

To relate to a classic work one must look at its historical significance, artistic value or cultural relevance. Time-tested novels by Charles Dickens, Jane Austen, Mark Twain, and other leaders encapsulated life in all of its essence encompassing different times and societies. For learners of English, classics are worth reading not only to better understand the language, but to grapple with complex ideas, themes and historical factors – even though the word usage is often difficult. Undoubtedly, classics are difficult; however, there is a pay-off in their vast vocabulary and complex language.

How Is It Beneficial to Read Classic Literature in the Context of Language Learning?

Classic literature is particularly beneficial to English learners for a few reasons. It allows for contact with more sophisticated vocabulary, various styles of writing, and numerous themes, thus richening the understanding and the knowledge of words. Here are some of the unique benefits of reading the classics:

1. Expanding Vocabulary

Many classical novels use words and phrases that are not commonly used in most spoken dialogue, but rather use more formal and descriptive types of language.

2. Historical And Cultural Background

In their very essence, most classic novels try to portray what the society was like during their specific time period. These eras and lifestyles can act as a very significant tool to make your learning much more fun and productive.

3. Enhancing Comprehension Skills

Classic works are often elaborate and require readers to grapple with layered meanings, multiple clauses and figurative language. This enhances reading turnaround owing to the fact complexity in wording forces a reader to grow.

4. Addressing Common Themes

Several classic works are centred around family, war, sacrifice, humanity, and justice. Knowing such topics expands understanding and awareness.

For Starting Readers, Which Classics To Choose

The type of book that you choose is fundamental to how your classic literature journey is going to go. For slow readers, it is recommended to begin with pieces that are easy to read and are not too long. Get some books that have simple wording and easy to understand subjects so you would enjoy the overall reading process.

Examples of Classics which Beginners Can Read:

1. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain – A young boy growing up in a small town in America and having fun with friends, while going on many adventures. 2. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen – A humorous love story that looks at family issues and expectations of society. 3. Animal Farm by George Orwell - A well-known 20th century fable that highlights the theme of power along with the arena of corruption that takes place in and around a barnyard. When working on new material, you should strive to begin with less difficult text. This will help you build confidence and help you understand how traditional writers wrote. As you progress, you may start tackling more taxing texts with your developing reading skills.

Decoding the Language of Classical Literature

The language one comes across in the classical English literature is somewhat archaic in the sense that it is quite different from the English one currently uses. A lot of novels that can be lost in translation are usually heavy on the formal language and use phrases that were popular in the era in which the book was written. Knowing how to cross such distinctions will make reading much clearer and more fun.

Old Words and Phrases

Some common old English words and phrases tend to be indicators of classic novels. E.g. A century ago English speakers used to write with words like you or thy, today these phrases are uncommon. Learning a few old words will ease your understanding of the storyline. Example: In Hamlet, William Shakespeare wrote "To thine own self be true". Thine is an older variant of the word 'your'. Knowing such phrases will help you understand why language carries a formality and rhythm to its sentences.

Lengthy Sentences

Classic authors tend to write sentences that are very long, sometimes consisting of multiple clauses. They would use long-winded sentences and adjoins, so when one views the text the setting and characters are deeply defined through the feelings and interactions within society, similar to how Dickens and Austen did it. Tip: For example, if a long sentence is being read, it commands a much more intricate analysis of the core phrases and ideas of the sentence. Doing this would in fact allow you to grasp the array of thoughts that the author intended to convey.

Use of Language

Metaphors, similes, and symbols are often used in literary works to enrich the language by placing importance on specific aspects. These devices are utilised by writers to elevate their stories, which can sometimes be difficult to grasp because of the complications the text becomes. Example: I Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennet's 'prejudice' and her changing view of Mr Darcy when 'pride' depicts Elizabeth's 'Change'. Such examples can better the way and deepen the understanding within the reader. [图片]

Literature from an Era

Classical novels are different from other modern day ones and thus need to be treated accordingly. So here are a few tips that will make sure you can read the classic literature more easily and get the most out of it in terms of entertainment.

1. Begin with Short Parts or Chapters

While reaching one complete chapter through a single reading is something most classic story readers tend to do, breaking the chapter into smaller parts can be beneficial. Most classic readings contain difficult vocabulary hence taking breaks gives time for the material to settle into the reader's brain. Tip: Try and read a couple of pages every single day. You will be more tuned to reading over time allowing you to read without getting exhausted. Episodic reading will now be easier.

2. Try to Analyse Using Context Clues About New Terminologies

Any unfamiliar word can arise while reading a classic book, in such case one can always use the context of the paragraph instead of immediately referencing a dictionary to find the meaning. Old books including classic literature is a great way of practising this, as many words used in the past are no longer used. Example: For instance, Jane Eyre of Charlotte Bronte calls a moor as land that is vast and unplowed, from the surrounding text, it's skyrocketing apparent eight most is a particular kind of terrain.

3. Always Summarise as You Read Through a Book or Story

Once you feel you have diligently read through a chapter or a considerable part of the book, such a great practice is making a note in your own words what you have read. This builds a more core understanding regarding the story, characters, and the sub plots present in the story. A resume in different words also helps connect recent reads to previous reads and also helps in remembering focal points of the plot when reading further into the storyline. Tip: Create a Useful Notebook In which you would be writing names of characters, important events as well as important quotes. This practice can assist in following classical literature as well as improve relations with the material.

4. Textual annotations – what are they and how do I do it?

To annotate a text means to write notes in the margins of the text or to place lines under passages. Engaging complements such as notes on the text and highlights or phrases of interest can aid in better understanding the text. When combined with active reading, it most definitely enhances language comprehension.

5. Share Your Thoughts About the Novel with other Readers

Engaging in conversations with acquaintances or family regarding certain classical literature pieces can enhance the readers' understanding of the book in an impressive way. By engaging with characters or the theme and even the diction of the writer can help understand things that would have previously been left ambiguous. Many concepts and ideas can be shared that increases one's self assurance and reinforces learning. Tip: Try to find readers who are members of a book club or an online forum in which the readers are focused on classical literature. This makes the reading a bit more fun and insightful.

Using Resources to Improve Reading Comprehension

There are multiple resources which can aid any reader in breaking down the barrier that is classic literature. Such aids include summaries and even vocab so the reader would be able to tackle classic pieces easier.

Study guides and their outlines

As we delve into classic fiction, it is important to conceive all its illustrations from the beginning. That's why so many focus on studying guides, for instance, covering all the chapters, analysing individual characters, and defining core ideas and concepts. They are quite useful when one embarks on a tough book from a sensitive genre, as they sort of flesh it up in relation to itself. With regards to the above, SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, which provide an outline of and commentary on most works masterpieces considered as classics, can be deemed as popular study guides. It is no surprise that people would read chapter summaries before reading the actual text. The idea in tackling the perspective of the text never changes; the expectations and/or assumptions are confirmed or contradicted.

Word Banks

As a rule, classic novels possess a lot of difficult words. This is the primary reason why almost all the classic novels are provided with vocabulary lists or glossaries. Nowadays more and more people manage to find word banks on the net. This practice first permits one to avoid interruptions when reading as it is in the case when one grapples with new vocabulary.

Audio Books

What quite a number of scholars have ignored is the fact that auditory tone, pronunciation and even sentence structure can be easily understood with the use of an audio book on a classic text. Moreover, it allows an individual to simultaneously read and listen. This is particularly important in the case of complex or archaic languages.

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Things to Include in a Cover letter

Things to include in a resume

Types of essays

Steps in writing an essay

Planning

Writing

Editing

Types of Writing Styles

Tips for improving writing style

Be straightforward

Choose words carefully

Use short sentences and paragraphs

Use active voice

Use conversational tone

Avoid redundancies

Use parallelism

Avoid using masculine generics

Run-on sentences

Passive voice

Subject-verb disagreement

Incorrect choice of word

Dangling modifiers

The right use of apostrophes

Techniques for writing simple sentences

Use transition words

Use keywords

Use verbs, numbers, and tenses consistently

Use active voice

Use simple words and phrases

Use short paragraphs

Techniques to write a simple paragraph

Reading in English: An Overview

Increase the Lexis and Language Structures

Improving Reading Comprehension and Fluency

Developing Writing Skills

Enhancement of Critical Thinking Skill

Contextual and sociocultural factors are important to analyse

How to Develop Self-Confidence Regarding Using the Language

Boosting Exposure to New Concepts and Opinion

Forming a Daily Routine Towards Self Education

Understanding More Through Annotation

Why should one make annotations?

Core Components of Annotation

Highlighting Key Information

Writing Summaries or Paraphrases

Identifying Vocabulary

Tackling Annotations

Making Personal Connections

Tips and Tricks for Effective Annotation

Concentrate on the Primary Concerns

Do Not Overdo the Highlighting

Make Use of Shortcuts and Pictograms

Reflect During Short Breaks

Use the Same References for Notes Over Time

Revisiting the Annotations You Made

How are Annotations Useful in preparing for exams

Overview of English Poetry

Reading Poems without the Bias of Expectations

Understanding Poetic Language

Interpretive Analysis of Poem Structure

Concentrating on Pictures and Pictures Appeal

Interpreting Tone and Mood

Reading Aloud for Rhythm and Sound

Encouraging Different views and understandings

Mastering Critical Reading

Reading with a Critical Perspective

Identifying Main Ideas and Supporting Details

Recognizing Tone and Bias

Evaluating Evidence and Argumentation

Interpreting Inferences and Implications

Evaluating Arguments from Different Angles

Ways of Reading Language and Rhetoric

Recall and Constructive Criticism of the Text

What is Classic English Literature?

How Is It Beneficial to Read Classic Literature in the Context of Language Learning?

1. Expanding Vocabulary

2. Historical And Cultural Background

3. Enhancing Comprehension Skills

4. Addressing Common Themes

For Starting Readers, Which Classics To Choose